The USGS and partners estimated the costs of property damage and business interruption of an ARkStorm-like event in present day to be on the order of $725 billion for the state of California - more than three times that of Hurricane Katrina, which devastated New Orleans in 2005. This 1861-1862 storm series flooded the entire Central Valley of California and had far reaching effects across the Sierra Nevada and eastward. ARkStorm was designed to approach – but not exceed – the precipitation that occurred during a series of storms in 1861-1862. ARkStorm is a hypothetical 23-day extreme winter atmospheric river (AR) storm sequence that was created by splicing together two historical storm events from 19 back-to-back. In 2011 the USGS developed the ARkStorm scenario for the state of California.
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